Catherine as Code Hero in Ernest Hemingways A Farewell...

Catherine as Code Hero in A Farewell to Arms In the last book of A Farewell to Arms, when the pregnant Catherine Barkley is having painful contractions, Frederic Henry, the narrator and protagonist of the novel, reminds his wife that she is a brave good girl (FTA 313). A day later, after undergoing a caesarian section and giving birth to a stillborn baby boy, Catherine proves just how brave she is; though she knows she is dying, she still has the dignity and strength to accept such a fate. In fact, she finds herself in the (unfair) position of trying to comfort her distraught lover. With death approaching, Catherines candor is remarkable since her final words to Frederic suggest she possesses some sense or†¦show more content†¦Millicent Bell is no less biting in her article Pseudoautobiography and Personal Metaphor (1984), where she calls Catherine a sort of inflated rubber woman available at will to the onanistic dreamer (150). And Mimi Reisel Gladstein, in The Indestructible Woman in Faulkner, Hemingway, and Steinbec k (1986), furthers the anti-Catherine argument by insisting that Catherine is definitely other, object not subject. She is reduced to playing the role of functionary in mans fulfillment (50). Moreover, in those few defenses of Catherine where critics actually praise Hemingways insight and sensitivity in his female characterization, she still cannot completely escape tough critical scrutiny and thus remains misconstrued. Biographer Kenneth Lynn acknowledges Catherines beauty, yet he also mentions that she possesses a jittery, neurotic manner (386). In A Farewell to Arms: The War of the Words (1992), Robert W. Lewis, who credits Catherine for her insight and heroic nature, nevertheless feels that she is, in a way, a one-dimensional pasteboard figure (69). Nancy R. Comley and Robert Scholes round out the attack on Catherines character in Hemingways Genders: Rereading the Hemingway TextShow MoreRelatedDiscussion of Stereotypes in a Farewell to Arms1449 Words   |  6 Pagesin common - they are truer than if they had really happened, Hemingway wrote just five years after publishing A Farewell to Arms, a novel written about the war in Italy, which is ironic because A Farewell to Arms can be seen as a semi-autobiographical novel, as some of the events that occur in the novel are based off of Hemingways own life. The parallels from the novel and Hemingways life are evident-- the protagonist, Lieutenant Frederic Henry, is an ambulance driver in the Italian army, justRead MoreHemmingway: Catherine as a Code Hero1708 Words   |  7 PagesCatherine: A Manipulative Caretaker In A Farewell to Arms, Frederic Henry is characterized initially by a sort of detachment from life-though well-disciplined and friendly, he feels as if he has nothing to do with the war. These feelings of detachment are pushed away when Henry falls in love with Catherine and begins to realize the hostile nature of the world. In this way, Henry serves the function of a character that becomes initiated in Hemingways philosophy of an indifferent universe andRead More Frederick Henry Discovered Essay1901 Words   |  8 PagesIn A Farewell to Arms, Ernest Hemingway uses his idea of the code hero to introduce us to an amazing character. Hemingway takes his own ideas and conveys them through Frederic Henry. During World War I Frederic Henry proves to us that war and lost love can change a strong and willing man. Most men are not willing to change and Frederic Henry realized that in order for him to survive the many problems he was faced with, he would have to become a more mature man , love and solider. Hemingway’s codeRead More The Enduring Hero in the Works of Ernest Hemingway Essay examples2161 Words   |  9 PagesEnduring Hero in the Works of Ernest Hemingway      Ã‚  Ã‚   In his vast collection of masterpieces, Ernest Hemingway uses his own characteristics to set a moral code for his various heroes. This sportsman like code is based on the admiration of the physical virtues of courage and endurance. While not necessary for sustaining society, the code conforms the characters to one set of characteristics (McCaffery 237). One key element of this code is stoic endurance in the face of calamity. Hemingways codeRead MoreThe Characteristics of Hemingways Works2503 Words   |  11 PagesThe Characteristics of Hemingway’s Works Ernest Hemingway, who was awarded the Pulitzer Prize in 1953 and the Nobel Prize of Literature in 1954, occupies an outstanding position in the American literature. He is regarded as one of the most influential writers of the twentieth century. Hemingway is famous for his distinct writing style and his â€Å"Code Hero.† In addition, his many great works are based on his experiences of war. Hemingway’s writing style is arguably the most distinctive characteristicRead MoreEssay about Code Hero Frederic Henry in Hemingways A Farewell to Arms613 Words   |  3 Pages In Ernest Hemingway’s A Farewell to Arms, the code hero is the protagonist Lieutenant Frederic Henry. Frederic is no exception and presents with the common features of any Hemingway hero. He treats women as mere objects of sexual pleasure, religion and the afterlife as inconsequential, and defeat with a measure of grace and finesse incomparable. His love for Catherine Barkley is sexually motivated, the author consistently casts a level of skepticism on religion through Frederic and his interactionsRead MoreA Farewell to Arms by Ernest Hemingway Essay1784 Words   |  8 PagesA Farewell to Arms by Ernest Hemingway Ernest Hemingways WWI classic, A Farewell to Arms is a story of initiation in which the growth of the protagonist, Frederic Henry, is recounted. Frederic is initially a naà ¯ve and unreflective boy who cannot grasp the meaning of the war in which he is so dedicated, nor the significance of his lovers predictions about his future. He cannot place himself amidst the turmoil that surrounds him and therefore, is unable to fully justify a world of death andRead More heroarms The Code Hero in A Farewell to Arms Essay1021 Words   |  5 Pages The Hemingway Code Hero innbsp;nbsp;A Farewell to Arms Ernest Hemingway is a renowned American author of the Twentieth century who centers his novels around personal experiences and affections.nbsp; He is one of the authors named The Lost Generation. He could not cope with post-war America, and therefore he introduced a new type of character in writing called the code hero.nbsp; Hemingway is known to focus his novels around code heroes who struggle with the mixture of their tragic faultsRead MoreA Farewell to Arms by Ernest Hemingway Essay525 Words   |  3 Pages In A Farewell to Arms, by Ernest Hemingway, the novel concerns itself primarily with Hemingways philosophy of life: unordered and random. There is no God to watch over man, to dictate codes of morality, or to ensure justice. Hemingway’s hero must accept his place as something insignificant, yet continue to fight endlessly against the meaninglessness of life. The universe is indifferent to mans plight. In the book, this indifference is best exemplified by the war -- an u ltimately futile struggleRead More heroarms A Comparison of Code Heroes of A Farewell to Arms and For Whom the Bell Tolls2088 Words   |  9 PagesThe Code Heroes of A Farewell to Arms and For Whom the Bell Tolls      Ã‚  Ã‚  In Ernest Hemingways fiction, there is something known as the Hemingway Hero.   This term is usually applied to the male protagonist in his works.   The Hemingway hero illustrates a variety of traits, ranging from heavy drinking to his role as a leader among the characters with whom he interacts.   Traits of this hero also resemble the personal characteristics of Hemingway himself, and the hero usually finds himself in

The Production Of Oil Production - 910 Words

Cover page Name: Abdullah Althawwad. Topic: oil production. Specific purpose: I want my audience to understand the process of the oil production from the extraction from the field to the oil refinery. Main idea: in this speech, I will discuss the oil production stages from locating the field, to the extraction, and refinery. Type: scientific technical presentation. What I see from my audience that they do not have the enough knowledge about the oil production and what is the process that the oil went through until consumption. I explained to my audience the process of the production line and I have divided the issue into three main stages. I have supported my presentation with examples and visual aids to help my audience understand.†¦show more content†¦B. Second I will explain the extraction of the oil from the ground. C. Finally, I will explain the oil refinery operations and processes, the how the oil becomes raw martials. (Trans: I will now discuses the field locating and the drilling). BODY I. In the first part, I will describe the two main parts of the first stage which is, locating the oil field and the drilling operations. A. The geologists start with using seismic survey in the expected areas whether on the water surface or on the ground to find the right geological structures that may contain oil. 1. The geologists are using different methods to create shock waves, which are travels through the rock layers and reflects back to the surface by using different methods based on the geological conditions. a. They are using the compressed air gun method (over the water). b. And they also use the thumper truck method (over land). B. Once the oil is located, the area now is called an oil field and it must be cleared and prepared for the drilling operations. 1. Now for drilling, the petroleum engineers are responsible to mange the drilling process. a. The crew creates a large wide dig to prepare the place to install the huge oil rig. c. Once the dig is ready for the oil rig, the crew set up the oil rig and starts digging a deep vertical hole to reach the oil reserve. d. Once the pre set depth is reached, the hole has been created and its ready to place a casing pipe to protect the

Case Study of an Injured Workman Castro Free Sample for Students

Question: Give an Opinion as to Whether or not the Employer in the following example would be considered Negligent in providing a safe place and/or system of work. A workman, Castro, injured his back resulting in a permanent disability when he slipped and fell while carrying a very heavy oxygen bottle (about 146 lbs) which he needed to use on site some 20 or 30 yards away. Castro had not been working as a member of a team and had been moving the oxygen on site without assistance during a period of two weeks he had been working there. Because of the nature of the site, it was impracticable to use a trolley to move the bottle. He was carrying the bottle across his arms, which were held in front of his body when he slipped and fell on his back, the bottle falling with him, and to one side of his body. The defendant stated the bottle was too heavy for a man to carry and that there were other workers on site who could have provided assistance. Answer:Summary of the case The case study involves a work man who is permanently disabled after an accident in the workplace. The man by the name Castro is injured in the process of working in the company. Castro carried a heavy oxygen bottle and slipped on the site. The site by nature is impractical to use a trolley to carry the oxygen bottle. Castro is involved in an accident that caused him permanent disability. Analysis Castro is the plaintiff on the case while Transfield (Qld) Pty Ltd is the defendant. The Company is being accused of negligence. The Company has the duty of care of it employees of ensuring the working conditions are safe. The company has neglected on the responsibility of duty of case of providing a safety working environment. This shows that the company bleached it duty to care for it employees. This negligence by the company has caused Castro permanent disability. In this essay, I will use common law criteria to provide assessment of whether defendant is guilty of negligence. It will involve arguments for and against the guilt of negligence of the defendant. Arguments for the argument for guilty of the defendant in this case will be assessed on the scope of common law as foreseeability, causation, preventability and reasonableness Foreseeability Castro had been moving the heavy oxygen bottle for two weeks while holding it on the front of his body. This indicates that the bottle was held in contact with Castrols body. The site by nature was impassable by trolley. The site location and distance explained in the case was not made passable by the employer. It shows that Castro was daring to go ahead and carry the oxygen bottle for the work to be done. Castro risked his life to ensure work progresses. The oxygen bottle was very heavy (146 lbs) to be carried by one person. The site also had other workers who could have assisted Castro to carry the bottle. The foreseability of this case is that it common knowledge to understand that such heavy load should be carried by several workers to reduce the risk of falling on an individual worker. Also the company should have used wide or common knowledge to prepare the site to be passable before starting to work on the project. Therefore, it can be said that the company failed in this case to be foreseeable of likelihood of a hazard happening in the site. Causation The cause of negligence in this case is based on the unsafe condition that was prevailing in the site of the workplace. The site was by nature impassable by trolleys thereby indicating that there was negligence to improve the site. The company did not make efforts to ensure that safety and healthy work place was provided to the employees. The company was aware that the Oxygen bottle was heavy to be carried by one worker in the site and did not request other employees to offer help. This shows that if the company would have taken precaution measures Castro would not have been injured by the oxygen bottle to get permanent disabled. The negligence of the company efforts in the site led to unsafe matter. Therefore, the company fails this test of causation of unsafe matter as result of negligence. Preventability The heavy oxygen bottle that injured Castro would otherwise be carried by several workers or another hydraulic machine. Castro carrying the bottle on front with his hands was risk taking that could be prevented or reduced by having several workers in the site help Castro. This would have prevented the severity of the accident. Also carrying the bottle as a team would reduce the chances of the accident happening. Another alternative to carrying the oxygen bottle would be using machines that would prevent handling by human body. This would prevent slipping and the accident that happened in the site. Lastly, the company would have stopped Castro from carrying the oxygen bottle until the safety measures are put in place. These conditions would have been made possible by making the site passable or having shared responsibility to carry the oxygen bottle. The company hierarchy of control should have been keen in formulating and implementing policies that would make the workplace safer for workers. This would have prevented the occurrences of the accident that caused Castro disability. Reasonableness This criterion of common law analyzes the balance between the balance of significance of risk and the efforts required to reduce it reasonably (Yip and Goh, 2017). Stopping the progress of the work could have reduced the occurrence of the accident since Castro would not have carried the oxygen bottle. Second, requiring other workers in the team to assist in the carrying of the oxygen bottle would also have reduced the risk significantly. Third, the company would have purchased or hired a machine to handle the oxygen bottle in the site. Fourth, the company would be involved in the preparation of the site to ensure that it was safe for working. This would involve making the site passable before starting working. Lastly, the company would have warned or made it known of the risky situation that is in existence in the site. This would have cautioned worker in the site about the hazards in the site. These reasons show alternatives that would have prevailed to prevent or reduce the acciden t that involved Castrol making him permanently disabled. Adopting these measures would mean that the company should have done or incurred the following; first, the company would have delayed the progress of the project awaiting preparation and modification of the site location to guarantee safety to workers. Second, the company would have to incur expenses in purchasing or hiring a machine to handle the oxygen bottle. Third, the company should have increased it supervisory role to ensuring that periodic assessment is carried out on the safety of the site and workers worked as teams to avoid or reduce risk from excessive pressure. The company could also have incurred expenses to put on safety signs in the workplace. Therefore, the company should have implemented either of these factors before to significantly reduce the risks that are associated with the task. This criterion show that the balance of significant reducing the risk was not reasonably considered. Individual workers in th e workplace remained susceptible to hazards present in the site. Argument Against The argument against the defendant is aimed at disapproving the guilty of negligence of the defendant. It the company being proven innocent on the case of Castrol being injured to become permanently disabled after an accident in the workplace. The will involve a four common law criteria for an argument against the defendant. Foreseeability This entails the knowing of the occurrence of the incidence that injured Castrol. The prior events in the workplace indicate that Castrol had carried the same heavy oxygen bottle for two weeks without any help from his colleagues. This shows that the Castrol had carried the oxygen bottle severally before the incident occurred. From the case study, there are no complaining from either Castrol or worke mates about the working condition. This shows that despite the conditions being impassable it was bearable and the employees kept on working. There is no expert advice that is recorded on the regarding the condition of the work place where the incident occurred. From this analysis, there is no indication of foreseen risk in the work place. Employees were working for two weeks before the accident occurred. Castrol himself did not complain about the condition that he was facing while carrying the heavy oxygen bottle. Therefore, it can be said that the foreseeability of the hazard was canno t be supported by evidence. Causation Castrol slipped and fell while carrying the oxygen bottle. This indicates that the accident occurred to Castrol not as a result of negligence of the defendant but as an accident where the oxygen bottle fell on him. Therefore it was unseen accident that happened and not as a result of unsafe matter based on negligence of defendant. In addition, the plaintiff did not take any measure to reduce the occurrence of the risk while carrying the heavy oxygen bottle. Preventability This criterion involves alternative things that the plaintiff would have done to avoid the occurrence of the accident (Zhou, 2012). First, Castrol would have chosen not to carry the oxygen bottle if it was heavy for him. This would necessitate the company exploiting other meaning of carrying the oxygen bottle. Second, Castrol would have requested assistance from other employees in the team for assistance. This would mean that he would have been assisted to carry the heavy oxygen bottle. In this case, the heavy bottle would not have fallen on him causing the damage that it caused. Lastly, Castrol would have requested for advice from the supervisor on how to handle the heavy oxygen bottle in impractical passable site. This would have stimulated options for handling the heavy bottle. This would also stimulate need for formulating and implementing safety policies in the site. This would have generally improved the safety of the site. Therefore it can be said the alternatives in Castrol s afety were numerous hence the plaintiff due care was neglected. Reasonableness The company needed to get a machine to handle the oxygen machine if the site was impractically impassable by trolley. This implies that the avoiding the risk would cost the company the amount of either purchasing or hiring a machine (Gregory, n.d.). Second, the company supervision should have mobilized the team to handle the task as a group rather than as an individual. This would ensure that efforts are shared and no particular time that a task can cause harm to an individual. Third, the company could also have prepared the area that was the site for the project. This would have included leveling and adding signs where there is high risk of accident occurrence. Also, the company could also have restricted Castrol from carrying the heavy oxygen by having site policies that restrict individuals from lifting weights behold certain mass. Putting in place these measure would mean that the company would have invested on risk and uncertainty assessment and other expenses that would have re duced the occurrence of the accident. The company would have lost work worth two weeks that Castrol put on progress by risking his life. The company saved expenses on risk management. The reasons in this criterion do not outweigh significance of the risk. Conclusion From the analysis of Castrol Vs Transfield (Qld) Pty Ltd indicate that the company (defendant) did not observe due diligence in relation to risks in the workplace. Therefore the employers have a duty of care to provide a safe and healthy working environment for employees. Also employees have a role to play in ensuring that they only work in safe, low risky and healthy environment. References Cumming, D. and Zambelli, S. (2016). Due Diligence and Investee Performance. Financial Management, 23(2), pp.211-253. Gregory, D. (n.d.). Unsafe Workplaces, Injured Employees, and the Bizarre Bifurcation of Section 7 of the National Labor Relations Act. SSRN Electronic Journal. NETTLE, G. (2005). ETHICS - THE ADVERSARIAL SYSTEM AND BUSINESS PRACTICE*. Deakin Law Review, 10(1), p.67. Supplemental Material for Adversarial Allegiance: The Devil Is in the Evidence Details, Not Just on the Witness Stand. (2016). Law and Human Behavior. Yip, M. and Goh, Y. (2017). Convergence between Australian common law and English common law. Common Law World Review, 46(1), pp.61-68. Zhou, Y. (2012). Existential Level of Engineering Law and Its Characteristics. JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING STUDIES, 3(4), pp.375-383.

The different characters cause the lack of communication Kaufman, Bel. Sunday in the Park

Introduction Sunday in the park is about two families who are Morton, his wife and child Larry and another family a man who is a bully, his wife and a child known as Joe.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The different characters cause the lack of communication: Kaufman, Bel. Sunday in the Park specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The setting is in a park on a Sunday afternoon and Morton is reading a Times Magazine while Joe’s father is reading a comics book. In the beginning of the story, one thinks that the story is about Morton’s happy family, but the story reveals that there might be trouble in the family. The end of the story shows that there are unsaid things like Morton’s wife seems disappointed by her husband because she thinks that he is weak. Sunday in the park is a very descriptive story that gives the reader a mental image of what the narrator is feeling in the surroundings of the plot of the story. The narrator is also the protagonist, is the wife to the gentleman in the story who is known as Morton. The narrator goes to the park on a Sunday afternoon with her family, her husband and her child. This paper will explore characters in the book ‘Sunday Park’ that cause lack of communication (para1 line 5). Body The beginning of the story gives the reader a clear mental image of the environment in the park whereby, it is peaceful and the weather is conducive for a family to enjoy their free time outdoors. The narrator portrays the attitudes of two particular families in the park and describes one as polite and good and the other one portrayed as being bad. The ‘good family’ is represented by Morton and his wife. Morton reads the Time magazine which shows him to be learned and intelligent (Kaufman 2).Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As he reads, he has one arm around his wife. Morton’s wife watches her son Larry as he plays in the park. At that moment, Larry is playing in the sandbox. This creates the impression that the Morton’s family is happy and lives the ideal life that any American family would like to live. The boy from the other family whose name is Joe is described as having thrown sand at Larry and his father did not look up although he must have heard the commotion and must have known that his son was involved. After reading ‘Sunday in the park,† the reader gets the impression that the author might have wanted to pass the message that an individual should stand for their beliefs. Morton is reasonable and rational which might be suggested by his profession. Morton is a professor at the university. He is intelligent and he physically appears pale and timid which creates the impression that he does not like confrontation. His physical structures also suggest that he might not be a confident individual. When Joe the chubby boy throws sand at Larry who is Morton’s son (para 2 l 1), the mother wants to tell the chubby bully not to throw sand at her son but she does not want to seem like she is interfering in her child’s play. Morton’s wife tries to tell the bully not to throw sand at her son (para 4 line 1) until the bully’s father who is also a bully intimidates Morton’s wife. The bully’s father, who is portrayed as being unreasonable is reading comics and he encourages his son to throw sand at Larry (Para 5 line 1). Morton’s wife looks at her husband to intervene. Morton is seen as being passive when he tries to reason with the bully’s father. He is a reasonable man and he seems to think that he can try and make the chubby bully’s father reason and tell his son not to throw sand at Larry.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The different characters cause the lack of communicati on: Kaufman, Bel. Sunday in the Park specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Morton’s passiveness is observed when he retreats from a potential fight which he saw might have turned out to cause physical injury to him. The bully father is more masculine (para 8 line 3) as compared to Morton. Morton decides to be rational and reasonable when he avoids physical confrontation with the bully father. Morton’s wife is seen as being passive, aggressive and unreasonable because she gets disappointed when her husband does not have a physical confrontation with the bully’s father yet she knew that it might have resulted into physical injury for her husband. Morton’s wife is also portrayed as being conflicted because she expects her husband to fight with the bully’s father yet she can see that the bully’s father is physical superior to Morton. This is contradictory because she is delighted that her son is a plea sant boy but she wants her husband to engage in physical confrontation which is immoral and would serve as a bad image for Larry. Morton’s wife knows that physical fights should not be used to solve conflict yet she feels disappointed that her husband does not use physical confrontation to solve the disagreement with the bully’s father (Para 10 line 3). The chubby bully’s father approaches Morton and for a while, he must think that he will get a thorough physical beating but fortunately, the man takes his son and they leave. The chubby bully’s father must think that it would not be worth it to beat a defenseless man in front of his son and wife. The man is very confrontational in contrast to Morton as he had told him that if he did not like what was going on in the park he should just leave. Morton is portrayed as being rational when he chooses not to fight with the chubby bully’s father because he would have set a bad example for his son. Larry mi ght have gotten the message that it is through physical confrontation that one can be able to solve problems with other individuals. But from the experience on Sunday in the park, Larry must have learnt that it is not right to engage in physical fights just so as to have one’s way. Morton tries to explain to his wife that he did not want to get into a physical confrontation with the chubby bully’s father as it might have resulted in injuries (Para 14 Line 3). Morton must also feel that it would have been a bad example to his child. While they are going to their vehicle when leaving the park, Larry cries and Morton tells his wife to discipline him so that he keeps quiet.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Morton’s wife does not comply with her husband’s wishes which portrays her as being passive aggressive. As the mother, she is the expected to have the major role of disciplining the child. Morton decides to calm the boy himself so that he (Larry) can stop crying (Para 15 line 2). The emotional trait that Morton’s wife portrays that her marriage to Morton might not last for long as she seems to loathe him inside for not being strong enough. The incident in the park on the Sunday afternoon was a show of the kind of behavior she would like her husband to engage in. There might be other incidents similar to the one in the park which might leave Morton’s wife disappointed in her husband and secretly hating him for being weak. She might not be able to tolerate his ‘weakness’ for very long and with time, she might tell him what she really thinks of him which would make Morton feel angry because he knows that he cannot be the kind of man that his wif e would want him to be and he would not be happy if he continued living with his wife Para 16 line 1). They might however, not decide to separate because of Larry because it would lead to an unhappy marriage until they decide that they cannot stand each other anymore. Conclusion Kaufman portrays the characters in a manner that the reader can identify with. It is not right to engage in physical confrontation with bullies because it would not solve anything. This view also makes the reader sympathize for Morton because his wife who is supposed to be by his side and approve of his decision of not engaging in a conformation, wishes that he had fought with the bully man. One is left wondering why she got married to Morton in the first place yet she must have known that he was a reasonable and intelligent man. Works Cited Kaufman, Bel. Sunday in the Park. New Yolk: Applause Books, 2000. Print. This essay on The different characters cause the lack of communication: Kaufman, Bel. Sunday in the Park was written and submitted by user Mina Lester to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

MMR Vaccine and Autism free essay sample

Vaccine and Autism There is a lot of controversy surrounding the MMR vaccine and whether or not it causes Autism. One of the main advocates for causation is Andrew Wakefield. He performed a study in 1998 that consisted of 12 children. Such a small sample group alone is enough for this mother to doubt the validity of his study. I may not be a scientist, but I do know that the larger the sample group is, the more valid the results are going to be. According to http://www. thpc. scot. nhs. uk/Health_Protection/MMR/ AW%20claims. htm, Wakefields theory was this: MMR immunisation leads to measles irus becoming colonised in the lining of the bowel; this process causes inflammatory bowel disease and a leaky bowel; this allows harmful peptides or toxins, which wouldnt normally be absorbed to enter the bloodstream, enter the brain and cause autism. And according to his own summary on http:// www. We will write a custom essay sample on MMR Vaccine and Autism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page thelancet. om/Journals/lancet/article/PllS0140-6736(97)11096-0/abstract; these were his findings: Onset of behavioural symptoms was associated, by the parents, with measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination in eight of the 12 children, with measles infection in one child, and otitis media in another. All 12 children had intestinal abnormalities, ranging from lymphoid nodular hyperplasia to aphthoid ulceration. Histology showed patchy chronic inflammation in the colon in 11 children and reactive ileal lymphoid hyperplasia in seven, but no granulomas. Behavioural disorders included autism (nine), disintegrative psychosis (one), and possible postviral or vaccinal encephalitis (two). There were no focal neurological abnormalities and MRI and EEG tests were normal. Abnormal laboratory results were significantly raised urinary methylmalonic acid compared with agematched controls ow haemoglobin in four children, and a low serum IgA in four children. However, this study has since been retracted and Mr. Wakefield stripped of his medical license. He has been accused of falsifying his findings and the backgrounds (including the fact that 3 were already showing signs of autism before being vaccinated) of the children involved in his study. According to the CDC (http:// www. cdc. gov/vaccinesafety/concerns/autism/) a scientific review by the Institute of Medicine (10M) concluded that the evidence favors rejection of a causal relationship etween thimerosal-containing vaccines and autism. CDC supports the 10M conclusion that there is no relationship between vaccines containing thimerosal and autism rates in children. For a lot of people, the CDC is the final word of expertise on the subject. For others, like actor

How to Do the Barking Dog Chemistry Demonstration

How to Do the Barking Dog Chemistry Demonstration The Barking Dog chemistry demonstration is based on an exothermic reaction between nitrous oxide or nitrogen monoxide and carbon disulfide. Ignition of the mixture in a long tube results in a bright blue chemiluminescent flash, accompanied by a characteristic barking or woofing sound. Materials for the Barking Dog Demonstration Stoppered glass tube containing N2O (nitrous oxide) or NO (nitrogen monoxide or nitric oxide). You can prepare and collect nitrous oxide or nitrogen monoxide yourself.CS2, carbon disulfideLighter or match How to Perform the Barking Dog Demonstration Unstopper the tube of nitrous oxide or nitrogen monoxide to add a few drops of carbon disulfide.Immediately re-stopper the container.Swirl the contents around to mix the nitrogen compound and carbon disulfide.Light a match or lighter. Unstopper the tube and ignite the mixture. You can throw a lit match into the tube or use a long-handled lighter.The flame front will move rapidly, creating a bright blue chemiluminescent flash and a barking or woofing sound. You can re-light the mixture a few times. After the demonstration is performed, you can see sulfur coating the inside of the glass tube. Safety Information This demonstration should be prepared and performed inside a fume hood by a person wearing safety goggles. Carbon disulfide is toxic and has a low flash point. What Is Happening in the Barking Dog Demonstration? When the nitrogen monoxide or nitrous oxide is mixed with carbon disulfide and ignited, a combustion wave travels down the tube. If the tube is long enough you can follow the progression of the wave. The gas ahead of the wavefront is compressed and explodes at a distance determined by the length of the tube (which is why when you re-ignite the mixture, the barking sounds in harmonics). The bright blue light that accompanies the reaction is one of the few examples of a chemiluminescent reaction that occurs in the gas phase. The exothermic decomposition reaction between nitrogen monoxide (oxidizer) and carbon disulfide (fuel) forms nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and elemental sulfur. 3 NO CS2 → 3/2 N2 CO SO2 1/8 S8 4 NO CS2 → 2 N2 CO2 SO2 1/8 S8 Notes about the Barking Dog Reaction This reaction was performed by Justus von Liebig in 1853 using nitrogen monoxide and carbon disulfide. The demonstration was so well-received that Liebig performed it a second time, although this time there was an explosion (Queen Therese of Bavaria received a minor wound on the cheek). Its possible the nitrogen monoxide in the second demonstration was contaminated with oxygen, to form nitrogen dioxide. There is also a safer alternative to this project that you can do with or without a lab.

The Market for Lemons Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Market for Lemons - Case Study Example Akerlof then says that, although his theory has these very general applications, he will focus on the market for used cars: "The automobile market is used as a finger exercise to illustrate and develop these thoughts. It should be emphasized that this market is chosen for its concreteness and ease in understanding rather than for its importance or realism" (Akerlof, George, 1970) On first reading, it is tempting to interpret "the automobile market" as the market in which real people buy and sell real cars and to think that Akerlof is going to present some kind of case-study. One can see why he might focus on one particular market which is easy to understand, even if that market is not very important on the scale of the economy as a whole. But then what does Akerlof mean when he says that this market is not realistic The object of a case-study may be unrepresentative, but it cannot be unrealistic. To make sense of this passage, we have to recognize that it marks a transition between the real world and the world of models. Akerlof is using the real automobile market as an example. But what he is going to present is not an empirical case study; it is a model of the automobile market. Although it is the real market which may be unimportant, it is the model which may be unrealistic. Akerlof moves straight on to the central section of his paper, section II, entitled "The Model with Automobiles as an Example." The transition from reality to model is made again at the very beginning of this section: The example of used cars captures the essence of the problem. From time to time one hears either mention of or surprise at the large price difference between new cars and those which have just left the showroom. The usual lunch table justification for this phenomenon is the pure joy of owning a "new" car. We offer a different explanation. Suppose (for the sake of clarity rather than realism) that there are just four kinds of cars. There are new cars and used cars. There are good cars and bad cars. (Akerlof, George, 1970) The first four sentences are about an observed property of the real world: there is a large price difference between new cars and almost-new ones. Akerlof suggests that, at least from the viewpoint of the lunch table, this observation is difficult to explain. If we assume that Akerlof takes lunch with other economists, the implication is that economics cannot easily explain it; the "pure joy" hypothesis sounds like an ad hoc stratagem to rescue conventional price theory.